"Antiyanks" is back at it again and has switched tactics to spamming a massive number of comments in a short period of time. In addition to being annoying (and sad and pathetic), it's having a deleterious effect on performance and drowns out any discussions happening in those posts. That spam also federates as well as the eventual removals, so it's not limited to just the posts being targeted.

Looking at the site config for the home instance of the latest ~~two~~ three alts, the rate limits were all 99999999. 🤦‍♂️

Rate limits are a bit confusing, but they mean: X number of requests per Y seconds per IP address.

The comment API endpoint has its own, dedicated bucket. I don't recall the defaults, but they're probably higher than you need unless you're catering to VPN users who would share an IP.

Assuming your server config is correctly passing the client IP via the XFF header, 20 calls to the /create_comment endpoint per minute (60 seconds) per client IP should be sufficient for most cases, though feel free to adjust to your specific requirements.

Edit: A couple of instances accidentally set the "Messages" bucket too low. That bucket is a bit of a catch-all for API endpoints that don't fit a more specific bucket. You'll want to leave that one relatively high compared to the rest. It's named "Messages" but it covers far more than just DMs.

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[–] Sal@mander.xyz 23 points 1 day ago (2 children)

Thanks for the heads up. I don't know what 'Antiyanks' is, but I already had to ban one comment spammer.

The rate limits are indeed a bit confusing. The settings are:

Rate Limit: X Per Second: Y

I understand this to be 'X for every Y seconds'

So, a 'Comments' Rate limit: 10, Per second: 60, means a maximum of 10 comments per minute, correct?

Maybe the reason you see 99999999 is due to troubleshooting. I have increased my instance's limits multiple times while troubleshooting server issues, because the meaning of the settings was not clear to me. These limits are usually not the reason for the sever issue, but I put some high number and did not bring them back down after the issues were resolved.

I have lowered them now to more reasonable numbers. I will also be more strict with new applications for the time being.

[–] Sal@mander.xyz 12 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (2 children)

Hmmm - after changing these settings to what I think are reasonable settings, the server crashed and I am now getting 'Too many requests' messages.... So, perhaps there is something not working so well with these rate limits, or I am still misunderstanding their meaning.

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 8 points 1 day ago

Not sure. I had mine set to 20 per 60 for a long time without issue.

Most likely cause would be the Lemmy API service not getting the correct client IP and seeing all API requests come from the reverse proxy's IP.

Are you sending the client IP in the X-Forwarded-For header? Depending on how your inbound requests are routed, you may have to do that for every reverse proxy in the path.

[–] BlueEther@lemmy.nz 3 points 1 day ago

how did you fix?

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 10 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (2 children)

So, a 'Comments' Rate limit: 10, Per second: 60, means a maximum of 10 comments per minute, correct?

Correct, per client IP.

Maybe the reason you see 99999999 is due to troubleshooting

Could be. I try not to speculate on "why" when I don't have access to the answer lol.

I don't recall any of them being from mander (unless they were dealt with before I started testing?), but thanks for taking preventative measures :)

I don't know what 'Antiyanks' is

It's the codename for a particular long-term troll and is based off of their original username pattern (which they still use sometimes). I have reason to believe it's also the same troll that used to spam the racist stuff in Science Memes.

These are most of today's batch (minus the JON333 which was just a garden-variety spammer that made it into the last screenshot).

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[–] Sal@mander.xyz 6 points 1 day ago (2 children)

I don’t recall any of them being from mander (unless they were dealt with before I started testing?), but thanks for taking preventative measures :)
I don’t know what ‘Antiyanks’ is
It’s the codename for a particular long-term troll and is based off of their original username pattern (which they still use sometimes). I have reason to believe it’s also the same troll that used to spam the racist stuff in Science Memes.

These are most of today’s batch (minus the JON333 which was just a garden-variety spammer that made it into the last screenshot).

No, they were not in mander.xyz. But I am generally quite relaxed when it comes to accepting applications. I mostly reject an applicant if it is very clear it is not an actual user, and then actively follow up on recent accounts for a short time. So the possibility of silent spammer accounts accumulating over time is always a concern.

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[–] Sal@mander.xyz 5 points 1 day ago (1 children)

So, a ‘Comments’ Rate limit: 10, Per second: 60, means a maximum of 10 comments per minute, correct?

Correct, per client IP.

Setting the limits to more reasonable values, like '20 posts per minute', causes the server to stop serving posts. My front page goes blank.

So, I am starting to think that '20 pots per minute' means 'requesting 20 posts per minute' and not 'creating 20 posts per minute'.

I am still having doubts about what these limits mean, but setting reasonable numbers seems to break things, unfortunately.

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 6 points 1 day ago (1 children)

I replied to your other comment, but most likely cause is the API server not getting the correct client IP. If that's not setup correctly, then it will think every request is from the reverse proxy's IP and trigger the limit.

Unless they're broken again. Rate limiting seems to break every few releases, but my instance was on 0.19.12 before I shut it down, and those values worked.

[–] Sal@mander.xyz 4 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Thanks! Yes, I saw both messages and I am now going through the NGINX config and trying to understand what could be going on. To be honest, Lemmy is the hobby that taught me what a 'reverse proxy' and a 'vps' are. Answering a question such as 'Are you sending the client IP in the X-Forwarded-For header?' is probably straight forward for a professional but for me it involves quite a bit of learning 😅

At location /, my nginx config includes:

      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

So, I think that the answer to your question is probably 'yes'. If you did have these rate limits and they were stable, the more likely explanation is that something about my configuration is sub-optimal. I will look into it and continue learning, but I will need to keep my limits a bit high for the time being and stay alert.

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 3 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

Yeah, you are setting it, but that's assuming the variable $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for has the correct IP. But the config itself is correct. Is Nginx directly receiving traffic from the clients, or is it behind another reverse proxy?

Do you have a separate location block for /api by chance, and is the proxy_set_header directive set there, too? Unless I'm mistaken, location blocks don't inherit that from the / location.

[–] Sal@mander.xyz 3 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Yes, I see this there. Most of the nginx config is from the 'default' nginx config in the Lemmy repo from a few years ago. My understanding is somewhat superficial - I don't actually know where the variable '$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for' gets populated, for example. I did not know that this contained the client's IP.

    # backend
    location ~ ^/(api|pictrs|feeds|nodeinfo|.well-known) {
      proxy_pass http://0.0.0.0:8536/;
      proxy_http_version 1.1;
      proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
      proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";

      # Rate limit
      limit_req zone=mander_ratelimit burst=30000 nodelay;

      # Add IP forwarding headers
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }

I need to do some reading 😁

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 4 points 1 day ago (1 children)

https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html

$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for is a built-in variable that either adds to the existing X-Forwarded-For header, if present, or adds the XFF header with the value of the built-in $remote_ip variable.

The former case would be when Nginx is behind another reverse proxy, and the latter case when Nginx is exposed directly to the client.

Assuming this Nginx is exposed directly to the clients, maybe try changing the bottom section like this to use the $remote_addr value for the XFF header. The commented one is just to make rolling back easier. Nginx will need to be reloaded after making the change, naturally.

     # Add IP forwarding headers
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;

[–] Sal@mander.xyz 3 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Thanks!

I was able to crash the instance for a few minutes, but I think I have a better idea of where the problem is. Ths $emote_addr variable seems to work just the same.

In the rate limit options there is a limit for ''Message''. Common sense tells me that this means 'direct message', but setting this to a low number is quite bad. While testing I eventually set it to '1 per minute' and the instance became unresponsive until I modified the settings in the database manually. If I give a high number to this setting then I can adjust the other settings without problem.

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 3 points 1 day ago (1 children)

"Message" bucket is kind of a general purpose bucket that covers a lot of different endpoints. I had to ask the lemmy devs what they were back when I was adding a config section in Tesseract for the rate limits.

These may be a little out of date, but I believe they're still largely correct:

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[–] Sal@mander.xyz 3 points 1 day ago (2 children)

So, ultimately my problem was that I was trying to set all of the limits to what I thought were "reasonable" values simultaneously, and misunderstood what 'Message' meant, and so I ended up breaking things with my changes without the reason being obvious to me. I looked into the source code and I can see now that indeed 'Messages' refer to API calls and not direct messages, and that there is no 'Direct Message' rate limit.

If I let 'Messages' stay high I can adjust the other values to reasonable values and everything works fine.

Thanks a lot for your help!! I am surprised and happy it actually worked out and I understand a little more 😁

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 2 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Awesome! Win-win.

[–] Sal@mander.xyz 2 points 1 day ago

😁 👍

[–] BlueEther@lemmy.nz 2 points 1 day ago (4 children)

Hi I think I set the messages too low as well and now no.lastname.nz is down, pointers on how to fix with no frontend?

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 3 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

If you have DB access, the values are in the local_site_rate_limit table. You'll probably have to restart Lemmy's API container to pick up any changes if you edit the values in the DB.

100 per second is what I had in my configuration, but you may bump that up to 250 or more if your instance is larger.

[–] BlueEther@lemmy.nz 3 points 1 day ago

local_site_rate_limit

Thanks: UPDATE local_site_rate_limit SET message = 999, message_per_second = 999 WHERE local_site_id = 1;

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[–] sunzu2@thebrainbin.org 15 points 1 day ago (1 children)

I rarely block anyone and never a proper shitposter but holly shit I had to do like half dozen accounts today.

[–] SatansMaggotyCumFart@piefed.world 7 points 1 day ago (5 children)

What is a shitposter?

[–] sunzu2@thebrainbin.org 9 points 1 day ago

An artisté

But you already knew that, good sir.

[–] RickyRigatoni@retrolemmy.com 4 points 1 day ago

mmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee :3

[–] toomanypancakes@piefed.world 4 points 1 day ago

Wall decor of a glistening turd

[–] Quadhammer@lemmy.world 2 points 12 hours ago

You know.

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[–] Jeffdude@piefed.social 11 points 1 day ago (3 children)

I don’t operate a fed server, but just curious. Couldn’t/shouldn’t rate limits be on a per-user/per-session-token basis to avoid the vpn issue you mentioned?

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 13 points 1 day ago (2 children)

You'll have to talk to the lemmy devs about that. I'm a retired admin, but last I was aware, they're based on client IP.

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[–] sunzu2@thebrainbin.org 3 points 1 day ago

I would hope you are not running a honeypot 👀

[–] jaybone@lemmy.zip 2 points 1 day ago

And that would solve issues with the reverse proxy not forwarding the ip correctly right?

[–] MelonYellow@lemmy.ca 11 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Really bad thread-breaking comment spam under this post: https://lemmy.world/post/34824537

[–] salacious_coaster@infosec.pub 9 points 1 day ago (1 children)

I was wondering about that. The same comment got spammed like 800 times.

[–] sunzu2@thebrainbin.org 7 points 1 day ago (3 children)

Looks like it got cleaned but yeah I saw another one with 2k comments. Once eypu blocked the offending accounts, down to 20.

Threat actor behaviour.

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[–] BlueEther@lemmy.nz 11 points 1 day ago (1 children)

ok, I fucked up and now my instance is erroring :(

[–] BlueEther@lemmy.nz 12 points 1 day ago

If you have DB access, the values are in the local_site_rate_limit table. You’ll probably have to restart Lemmy’s API container to pick up any changes if you edit the values in the DB.

100 per second is what I had in my configuration, but you may bump that up to 250 or more if your instance is larger.

Fixed:

UPDATE local_site_rate_limit SET message = 999, message_per_second = 999 WHERE local_site_id = 1;

[–] Blaze@lemmy.zip 9 points 1 day ago

Thanks for sharing

[–] modular950@lemmy.zip 6 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (4 children)

I'm not an admin or really THAT technically knowledgeable when it comes to underlying infrastructure of these things, but because you mention VPN users in reference to shared IPs - would it be worth considering and mentioning mobile users or users otherwise on CGNAT networks?

For example, TMobile Home Internet would result in multiple users being represented by a shared public IP. Maybe these exit nodes don't have nearly the number of users under one IP in comparison to users behind a popular VPN services assigned IPs? I don't know, but thought it might be relevant! I understand it's also a tool geared toward combatting this spam and only so much can be considered against the improvement.

[–] admiralpatrick@lemmy.world 9 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

That's a consideration, yeah,, but they'd have to all be hitting lemmy.zip (your instance) and all from the same /32 IPv4 address.

(AFAIK) CG-NAT still uses port address translation so there's an upper limit to the number of users behind one IP address. They also are distributed geographically. So everyone would need to be in the same area on the same instance to really have that be an issue.

The more likely scenario would be multiple people in the same IPv4 household using the same instance. But 20 comments per minute, divided by two people in the house would still be 10 comments per minute. That's still probably more than they could reasonably do.

Edit: You mentioned T-Mobile internet. T-Mobile is pretty much all IPv6 with IPv4 connectivity via CG-NAT. lemmy.zip is also reachable over IPv6, so in that situation,it would try IPv6 first and CG-NAT likely wouldn't even come into play.