Fraktur is rather a ‘calligraphic hand’, i.e. the manner of drawing the letters, which can be implemented by different specific fonts.

Anyway, Hitler just personally disliked Fraktur, and already gave a speech against it in 1934:

Your alleged Gothic internalization does not fit well in this age of steel and iron, glass and concrete, of womanly beauty and manly strength, of head raised high and intention defiant [...] In a hundred years, our language will be the European language. The nations of the east, the north and the west will, to communicate with us, learn our language. The prerequisite for this: The script called Gothic is replaced by the script we have called Latin so far.

Then in 1941 Fraktur was finally banned, with the pretext that it was actually not Fraktur but Schwabacher, a different blackletter style, which allegedly was Jewish.

Moreover, it was banned so hard that cursive scripts Kurrent and Sütterlin were also forbidden — and as a consequence, people educated after 1941 often couldn't read handwritten letters and notes of their ancestors.