Funny that in Chinese, I literally have always known it as 阿拉伯數字 (Arabic Numerals).
I'm starting to realize more and more how much the Chinese Language is just simply better at teaching concepts.
Disclaimer, I am ethnic Chinese, but I'm totally not biased at all :D
Edit:
Also, while we're on the topic of Numerals, teach Chinese Numbers as well, its literally one syllable per character, much easier to pronounce and remember.
English has become my primary language, but I still often find myself counting in Chinese (Cantonese).